Edward Snowden Essay Example for Free

Edward Snowden Essay One of the biggest leaks in U. S happened this month. Edward Joseph Snowden leaked information about the government and and they are, a former technical contractor and CIA employee who worked for Booz Allen Hamilton a contractor for the NSA, before leaking details of classified NSA mass surveillance programs to the press. Snowden shared classified material on a variety of top-secret NSA programs, including the interception of US telephone metadata and the PRISM surveillance program, primarily with Glenn Greenwald of The Guardian, which published a series of exposes based on Snowdens disclosures in June 2013. Snowden said the leaks were an effort to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them† The individual responsible for one of the most significant leaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old former technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of the defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency for the last four years as an employee Snowdens alleged leaks are said to rank among the most significant breaches in the history of the NSA. [8] Matthew M. Aid, an intelligence historian in Washington, said disclosures linked to Snowden have confirmed longstanding suspicions that NSAs surveillance in this country is far more intrusive than we knew. [8] On June 14, 2013, US federal prosecutors filed a sealed complaint, made public on June 21,[9][10] charging Snowden with theft of government property, unauthorized communication of national defense information and willful communication of classified intelligence with an unauthorized person; the latter two allegations are under the Espionage Act. [11] Father of Edward Snowden Urges Son Not To Commit Treason, to Return Home The father of the former NSA contractor who leaked details of the governments massive Internet- and phone-tracking programs made an impassioned plea to his son to stop leaking, telling Fox News that I hope, I pray he does not do anything considered treasonous. Lon Snowden spoke at length with Fox News about his son Edwards decision to leak sensitive security details about U. S. intelligence-gathering operations. While defending his sons integrity and criticizing the government, he pleaded with his son who is thought to be weathering the political storm from a location in Hong Kong to return home and not to leak more information. I hope, I pray and I ask that you will not release any secrets that could constitute treason, Snowden told Fox News, in a message meant for his sons ears. He added: I sense that youre under much stress [from] what Ive read recently, and [ask] that you not succumb to that stress and make a bad decision. Further, Snowden said he would rather see his son return to the U.  S. and face the U. S. justice system than stay abroad. I would like to see Ed come home and face this. I shared that with the government when I spoke with them. I love my son, he told Fox News Eric Bolling. Snowden claimed there are some people who want him to cross that line and do something that constitutes treason, or they would like to see him disappear. But Snowden said hes sure that the moment he landed that there would be a line of attorneys waiting to defend him. Edward Snowden himself did not voice that level of confidence. During a live online chat hosted by Guardian. com on Monday, Snowden said he doesnt think he would receive a fair trial in the U. S. The U. S. Government, just as they did with other whistle-blowers, immediately and predictably destroyed any possibility of a fair trial at home, openly declaring me guilty of treason and that the disclosure of secret, criminal and even unconstitutional acts is an unforgivable crime. Thats not justice, and it would be foolish to volunteer yourself to it if you can do more good outside of prison than in it, he said during the chat. Snowden also claimed he did not reveal any U. S. operations against legitimate military targets, but rather NSA efforts against civilian infrastructure. Snowden has emerged at the center of one of the biggest security leaks in U. S. history. After The Guardian news organization and Washington Post reported on government programs that monitor massive troves of phone and Internet records, Snowden was revealed as the source of that information. According to The Guardian, Snowden continues to provide sensitive information The Guardian most recently reported on a British effort to hack into foreign diplomats phones and emails during conferences, citing Snowden as the source. Snowden could face serious charges if he returns to the U. S. Former Vice President Dick Cheney called Snowden a traitor on Fox News Sunday. But others have praised his decision to come forward, citing the civil liberties at stake. Lon Snowden said he was saddened by his sons decision, but criticized the government for the surveillance efforts his son helped expose. Some people are suggesting that whats occurring is very similar to every morning the government walks up to your mailbox, or afternoon. They pull the envelopes out. They open them. They look at your mail. They copy it. They archive it in case they wanna look at it sometime in the future in case you do something wrong sometime in the future. They re-seal the envelopes, they put them back in your mailbox. And they do it every day over and over and over again. He continued: I dont want them reading my email. If we say, Oh my gosh, were going to have to sacrifice our freedoms because of the threat of terrorism, well, the terrorists have already won, because its our freedoms that make us Americans. He said hes concerned his son is in peril, but voiced confidence that if he returns to the U. S. , that would be best. I have faith in our justice system applied correctly, absolutely. You know, I would rather my son be a prisoner in the U. S. than a free man in a country that did not have the freedoms that are protected in the U. S. , he said. He complained there are a lot of misconceptions about his son, including speculation about why he chose to stay in Hong Kong. Snowden said his son was simply comfortable there and with Asian culture in general, since he used to live in Japan. As for media reports that hes a high-school dropout, he explained that his son actually had an illness during his sophomore year likely mono. But after he dropped out, he said his son completed his high-school equivalency and went on to take college courses. He said he last saw his son on April 4. Wed gone out to dinner, he said, adding that his son seemed to be carrying a burden. We hugged as we always do. He said, I love you Dad. I said, I love you, Ed. And I expected to see him see him again, Snowden recalled. Fox News Eric Bolling contributed to this report.

Gabriel Garcia Marquezs A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Essay

Trisha â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" Critical Analysis If I ask you to picture an angel, what do you see? Is it a vibrant white, majestically dressed individual with lush and strong wings who commands reverence with his presence? What does this ethereal creature stand for? Righteousness? Protector of good and the purest form of a celestial being besides God? If you have read Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† then you may have been introduced to a conflicting image of an angel. This angel is in no way similar to the one described above. Actually, we are not even sure he is an angel. What we do know after reading this story is that the creature presented represents the overwhelming need of humans to understand and interpret every facet of their lives. The angel does not fit the general consensus of what an angel is and leaves human expectations unmet. This story embodies the nature of humans to explain, categorize, and label any affair that is not already so. Marquez’s story is written in a fairy tale format with strong magic realism elements throughout. This style combines real, normal details of day to day life with fantasy and blurs the reader’s division of reality and magic. This method of writing emphasizes the attempt of man to apply logic and knowledge to all matters. Marquez is so skilled in this technique that we come to view the fact o...

Outline the different forms of verbal and non-verbal communication Essay

Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages or information; as by speech, visuals, signals, written work or behaviour. It is the meaningful exchange of information between two or more living creatures. Communication requires a sender, a message and a recipient although the receiver does not have to be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication works in two systems which are verbal communication and non-verbal communication whose forms this essay seeks to outline and discuss. Verbal communication is communication through a figure of speech and non-verbal communication is the process of communicating through sending and receiving wordless cues between people. Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; generally this is communication by word of mout h or a piece of writing. Verbal communication is further divided into two forms which are oral communication and written communication. In oral communication, spoken words are used. It includes face to face conversation, video, radio, television, voice over the internet. In oral communication, communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Furthermore, oral communication, while primarily referring to spoken verbal communication, can also employ visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of meaning. Oral communication includes speeches, presentations, discussions and aspects of inter-personal communication. Oral communication also garners immediate feedback. Examples of oral communication can include a mother asking her son about his day at school, because of message and feedback a dialogue is created. More so, oral communication under verbal communication has its own advantages and in a face to face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether they should trust what is being said or not. In addition, oral communication carries a disadvantage because in a face to face discussion, user is unable to deeply think what he is delivering, so this can be committed as a stream of sub consciousness hence content or message cannot be trusted to be reliable as well. In-addit ion, in written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate a written message may be printed or hand written. In written communication messages can be transmitted via email, letter, report,  memo, only to mention to mention a few. Message in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used. Examples of written communication used for internal communication or personal attention are memos, reports, bulletins, employee manuals and electronic mail. For communication with the external environment in writing electronic mail, internet websites, letters, proposal, telegrams, only to mention a few. Furthermore, written communication has its advantages. Messages can be edited and revised many times before they are actually sent; hence clarity and transparency of information can be refined to suit the recipient. Also, written communication provides record for every message sent and can be saved for later study thus it can be used as proof or evidence of the existence of certain situations. A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback. However written communication also has disadvantages. Unlike oral communication written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback since the receiver has to first analyse the message sent and gather appropriate feedback, more so, if it is external communication through a letter the receiver might be far away thus a delay in the deliverance of the message. Furthermore, it takes more time in composing a written message as compared to word of mouth and a number of people struggle for writing ability. On the other hand, the other system of communication is non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. Therefore communication other than oral and written, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions is called non-verbal communication. According to Mehrabian (1972) ‘non-verbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages’. Non-verbal communication helps the receiver in interpreting the message received. Often, non-verbal signals reflect the situation more accurately than verbal messages. Sometimes non-verbal responses contradict verbal communication and hence affect the effectiveness of message. More-so, non-verbal communication has three elements which are; appearance, body language and sounds. Appearance includes the speaker, clothing, hairstyle, neatness and use of cosmetics, more-so, surrounding and furnishings. Body language includes  facial expressions, gestures and postures. Sounds includes voice tone, volume and speech rate. According to Martes (2011) forms of non-verbal communication are classified in seven types which are kinesics, proxemics, physical appearance, haptics or use of touch, vocalics or use of voice, chronemics or use of time, artifacts or use of objects. Martes’s theory argues that kinesics or body activity can be with the use of eye contact, facial expressions, gesture, and posture. Eye contact is the way we look with people whom we are communicating. This shows paying attention. Facial expressions are important in conveying message to show our emotions. Gestures are the movements of our arms, hands, and fingers to describe or to give emphasis. Posture is the position of our body; it is also a way of paying attention hence kinesics involves more body activity. In-addition proxemics or the use of space shows nonverbal communication. Intimate distance for private conversations of close friends, Personal distance for casual conversations, Social distance for impersonal business, and Public distance for public speeches hence by one distancing themselves from others shows a difference of interests. Also, physical appearance is also another form of non-verbal communication. Choice of clothing and personal grooming also communicate a message. The message one wants to send is determined on how he/she dresses and grooms themselves. People have a choice to choose which clothing styles and grooming behaviours they want but it should be accordingly. Haptics or use of touch also communicates as a non-verbal form. People communicate through touch by the use of hands. Hands can be used to hug slap, kiss, pat, hold, embrace, stroke and tickle. With these, a message in variety of meanings is conveyed. Touch can be gentle and firm depending on how it is done for which purpose. Vocalics or use of voice is also known as paralanguage. This is a nonverbal sound of what is heard or how something is being said. It has 4 vocals characteristics: pitch volume, rate and quality. The presence of vocal interferences or extraneous sounds interrupts a conversation of fluent speech. The use of time also known as chronemics also conveys meaning. Duration is the time regarded as appropriate for certain events or activities. Activity refers to what p eople perceive should be done in a given time period. Punctuality is the extent to which one adheres strictly to the appointed or regular time thus a message can be trusted or regarded reliable through the duration, activity and punctuality  aspects respectivitly. Last but not least, artifacts are also a form of non-verbal communication. Artifacts are also use of objects. Object language refers to the meanings attributed to objects with we surround ourselves. It says something about someone because it represents the choices he/she make. However both verbal and non-verbal communications are liable to barriers of communication. Since verbal communication involves the medium of language, people speak in different languages since they come from different places thus communication may be difficult, understanding may not be found between the two sources of the speaker and the recipient. Non-verbal language is also liable to barriers of communication since not everyone is literate and educated enough to read one’s body language and discern the message within. In a nutshell communication occurs in two systems which are verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication also divides into two forms which are oral and written communication, non-verbal communication branches into seven forms which are kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, haptics, physical appearance, vocalic and artifacts. Reference list Maetes (2011). Theories of Non-verbal Communication. Mehrabian, A (1972). Non-verbal Communication. Transaction Publishers.

Famous Entrepreneurs Bill Gates, Paul Allen - 1626 Words

Synopsis Born on October 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington, well-known entrepreneur Bill Gates began to demonstrate a curiosity in computer programming at age 13. Through technical modernization, enthusiastic business plan and aggressive business tactics, he and colleague Paul Allen built the worlds leading software enterprise, Microsoft. In the development, Gates became one of the wealthiest men in the world. Bill was avid reader as small boy, spending several hours pouring over research guides for example the encyclopedia. Close to the age of 11 or 12, Bills mom and dad did start to have got concerns concerning his habits. He has been successful within classes, yet he felt bored in addition to withdrawn sometimes. The mom and dad†¦show more content†¦In 1970, when Bill was 15 he became a partners with his friend Paul Allen. Him and his friend invented software, which was supervising traffic patterns in Seattle where he was from. That program was valued at $20,000. Bill Gates and Paul Allen were thinking about their own company on what his parents were telling him that his career is in law. In 1973 he enrolled at Harvard University on lawyer course from which he is really soon withdrawn as he wasn’t interested those subjects as much as he was interested in computers and software. He was spending more of his time working with computers than on class. Bill was sleeping three to five hours a night and then go to classes and managing to pass his subjects with good grades. In 1974 Bill Gates joined his friend Allen, who dropped from Washington University after two years of being there, at Honeywell Company. In summer 1974 while working there, Allan once found an article, which he showed to Gates was on Altair 8800 mini-computer kit. Boys were over exciting about how much potential and possibilities that program has for computer world. Company that was working on that mini computer kit was from in Albuquerque, New Mexico called MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems). Bill and Paul contacted the company as soon as they could; claiming that they have software for the mini-computer kit company was working on. In reality theyShow MoreRelatedGates : A Famous American Entrepreneur, Computer Programmer, Inventor And Philanthropist1638 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Henry Gates III is a famous American entrepreneur, computer programmer, inventor and philanthropist. He is famous for being the co-founder of Microsoft. Microsoft is a company that sells computer software, operating systems, personal computers and electronics worldwide. Because of Microsoft’s popularity, Gates is one of the richest men in the world. Besides his company, Gates is currently famous for the Bill and Melinda Foundation. 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