Formal Analysis of Galatea 2.2 Essay -- Galatea 2.2 Essays

Formal Analysis of Galatea 2.2â â The epic got significant in nineteenth century as the white collar class turned out to be progressively instructed and wanted diversion. With the happening to twentieth century and its modern innovations, the type of the novel extended to incorporate sci-fi: a sort that consolidates humankind's stunningness of new innovation and the deep rooted property of imagination. Journalists of sci-fi thought that it was important to utilize the conventional style of the novel in their advanced works. This is one of the primary concerns in Richard Powers' Galatea 2.2. He consolidates authenticity of the conventional English epic with dream of things to come world. Galatea 2.2’s incredible is anything but a solid one: the anecdotal arrangement shows up here to be common. As a self-portraying novel, the story speaks to the perspective of the storyteller who consistently talks in first individual. He is by all accounts objective toward himself, and furthermore toward the general public that he enters. Through his words, the portrayal goes smoothly from past to introduce, however it is really later on. It is usage that quite often makes associations with Powers' past: C. It is likewise execution that makes him look to what's to come. Be that as it may, this is only one degree of the account: the not so distant future level. This arrangement has a constrained existence. Its place is the Center in U., and once in a while is it passing these limits. Its time is likewise restricted: one year, until the Ph.D. test. While one is perusing, there is consistently an inclination of time’s pressure. The second degree of the novel, C., is one of affection and memory. Here the time is by all accounts mythic, and space is the world: U. what's more, B. in the States; E. in the Netherlands, and so on. The storyteller investigates the two plans with a similar close consideration, subtleties and power. The... ...- final words: ‘Don't remain away too long.’ (329) Also he rewords and refers to the most critical books, plays and sonnets of the past like Pygmalion, Storm, Wear Quixote, Frankenstein, Heaven Lost, and so on. Every one of these associations carry an emblematic surface to the whole work. So who was the focal point of the plot: Powers, AI or C.? Who at last won? What's more, where are the scandalous final words? This epic in its uncertainty and authenticity, leaves us with a feeling that this story will go on and in some peculiar manner we need to be a piece of it. It takes us from a past genuine world to the fiction of things to come where The mind is more extensive than the sky and more profound than the ocean (Epigraph); and truth and fiction vary [...]/As syllable from sound. (Epigraph, 11-12). Work Cited Forces, Richard. Galatea 2.2. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. 1996  Â

Whats the matter with tax exemption Essay Example For Students

Whats the issue with charge exclusion? Paper Not-revenue driven foundations are making out like scoundrels, the Philadelphia Inquirer told perusers in a rankling arrangement of news stories and publications the previous spring. In spite of the fact that it didn't single out expressions associations, the paper scrutinized the magnanimous benefits of not-for-profits going from medical clinics, colleges, establishments and historical centers to nation clubs, exchange gatherings and expert surfers. Included, their duty exceptions denied the Treasury of $36.5 billion out of 1992, as per the Inquirer, and that figure prohibits nearby property assessments, state and city deals burdens and charges deferred for houses of worship and strict gatherings. Imperfect suppositions and misrepresentations aside, the fiery campaign struck a thunderous harmony in Congress. With a vast deficiency to stress over, not-revenue driven tax reductions must look to administrators a ton like Charlie Chaplin to his destitute partner in The Gold Rush. Relentless enticing. With direct help sliced nearly deep down, lawmakers have just started working on extraordinary postal rates and other backhanded sponsorships. Holding onto this hot issue, Rep. J.J. Pickle (D-Tex.) met the House Ways and Means Oversight Subcommittee in June to survey whether not-revenue driven substances are agreeing to the soul of the expense code. In introductory statements, Pickle charged that boundless maltreatment are conning the government of duty incomes. He set not-revenue driven organizations straight to anticipate a full reappraisal. Change is required and long past due, he proclaimed. Nobody is foreseeing yet a discount sack of the not-revenue driven network, however congressional nudging and media broadsides are probably going to trigger a lot of soul-looking in the theater network and some lawful strides to shield tax breaks. It implies significant change potentially, significant reconsideration surely, cautions Judith Golub, official executive of the American Arts Alliance. For the present, theaters face included time and expenses for consistence with existing enactment. Farther not far off, everything is available to all. We dont recognize what is in Mr. Pickles head, Golub says. In any case, theaters may have motivation to fear lawmakers surgical tools. Since theater is the main performing workmanship with both philanthropic and business wings, theaters must be particularly cautious or they could confront included examination, alerts Peter Zeisler, official executive of the Theater Communications Group. Acting to save its duty excluded status while encouraging co-activity with business makers, the Manhattan Theater Club as of late settled an entirely claimed, revenue driven auxiliary. We took a moderate position, says overseeing executive Barry Grove, on the grounds that our assessment status is essential to us. Interim, the Inquirer is relied upon to repackage its detailing in book structure that should increase much more extensive consideration. Certainly, a portion of the complaints are very much established. The paper archived the charitable parts size and exceptional development, the leeway prerequisites for exclusion and a couple of intolerable instances of overcompensation and different maltreatment, particularly among very much obeyed medical clinics, colleges and strict establishments. Nobody in the true blue not-revenue driven world questions that a few maltreatment exist observer the outrage at United Way that sent its luxuriously paid official chief packingor questions the need to rebuff associations that submit extortion in not-revenue driven appearances. In its energy to legitimize features, notwithstanding, the Inquirer neglected reasons why a few organizations got tax cuts in any case. By characterizing the not-revenue driven crucial its tightest sense as magnanimous administrations gave allowed to the poor by volunteers and inadequately paid staff members the announcing shines over social advantages of clinical, instructive, HR and social exercises that can't get by on a business premise. Despite the fact that the Internal Revenue Service records 25 separate not-revenue driven classes, the Inquirer bumps them along with insufficient differentiations. By setting such a limited rule, that couple of not-revenue driven foundations can or ought to fulfill, the arrangement reviles a huge number of organizations that attempt really and at significant cost to maintain the letter and actual intent of the law. The celebration that Ashland manufactured EssayBut Grove likewise takes the high ground on guideline. The virtual nonappearance of emotional plays created in the business theater and the not insignificant rundown of Broadway disappointments, should flexibly confirmation that delivering straight show is, ordinarily, a philanthropic endeavor. It isn't exactly as simple to put forth a comparative defense for musicals, he surrenders, given their more extensive business achievement and rewarding result (not to state that there havent been a lot of disappointments). In any case, Grove focuses on that the majority of the musicals on Broadway this season are recoveries or, in all likelihood started in England bolstered by substantial endowments. There he trusts the evidence speak for itself for permitting philanthropic auditoriums to create musicals in organization with business makers. It is a case that may before long be tried, presently that British super-maker Cameron Mackintosh has guaranteed $1.5 million throughout the following five years to three New York theaters, the Manhattan Theater Club, Playwrights Horizons and Lincoln Center Theater. However, straight play or melodic, Grove is determined that the length of a run ought to make little difference to burden status. Historical centers, for instance, routinely depend on perpetual shows. Move organizations save works in their collections for a considerable length of time. What's more, A Chorus Lines 10-year run never undermined the New York Shakespeare Festival with lost its exception. At long last, Grove pronounces, theater is a work of art that requirements support. Loved presumptions like Groves might be expected for reconsideration, in any case. Indeed, even establishments, the last bastions of institutional help for expressions of the human experience, are investigating whether the beneficiaries of their largesse truly merit it. I am persuaded that some place at the base of this is a need to reconsider the importance of not-for-benefit hierarchical culture, says Rachel Bellow, an expressions funder with the Mellon Foundation. It needs to move past the customary and not lighting up differentiation that not-for-benefit is for the open great and revenue driven works for private increase. That doesnt disclose to you anything. No rising waveâ It is great to discuss social advantages, yet government, state and metropolitan assets for expressions of the human experience are exhausted and wont return. Dislike digging in and trusting that the wave will rise. It won't, Bellow says. Withdrawal of open help could undoubtedly reach out to reducing tax breaks. Corporate gifts, as well, have passed their top for years to come. Cry impacts the shout over lost corporate dollars, which by her lights are back to the level where they generally have been however for a fillip during the 80s. Whatever happens to the whirlwind ignited by the Inquirer, maybe the arrangement blundered most in not considering a large number of people who choose for work in the not-for-profit segment. In the theater, surely, hours are frequently more and the work as requesting, if not all the more requesting, than comparable administration positions in the corporate world. With not very many exemptions, their pay rates and advantages are unassuming if not out and out wretched contrasted with the private segment, and there are no investment opportunities or rewards. Nor would they be able to cover up underneath layers Of organization; consequences of their endeavors are obvious with each new creation.

Ethics Of Plagiarism And Mills In The Digital Age †Free Samples

Question: What Are The Ethics Of Plagiarism And Essay Mills In The Digital Age? Answer: Presentation Unoriginality originates from the Latin word Plagio which mean take. It is huge to plan on the meaning of the literary theft from the action word appropriate (Amos, 2014). This depicts taking or in any event, obtaining someone else thoughts, works alongside thoughts. In this sort of a way, literary theft is copying on another person and in any event, exchanging it as their own one of a kind. Unoriginality is the deliberate movement, it is additionally cheating (Amos, 2014). People for the most part accept that the licensed innovation rights for their affirmation in our reality. This truly is the most straightforward route for the acknowledgment. The part of the scholastic cheating has gotten a lot simpler in this computerized age. The understudies these days duplicates data electronically from the web and they can embed it to their assignments as though it is their own (Drinan, 2016). In addition, they are even ready to get to papers from the web paper plants. There are papers from any level which could be downloaded in a moment or two. The inside for the Academic Integrity teamed up on the expansion of the written falsification among the understudies (Drinan, 2016). With respect to the advanced age proclaim that in spite of the fact that that the cheating isn't the literary theft, the utilization of the web has expanded the pace of copyright infringement. People could meet unoriginality in a considerable lot of the circles. The scholastic extortion has not recently developed as an issue in this computerized age. The idea of the paper processes just as the professional writers has been around since the nineteenth century (Ananou, 2014). The understudy association for instance the clubs which are put away scholarly work in the record banks and they passed old term from the understudy to the understudy (Ananou, 2014). Such reusing idea enlivened the business showcase, which was start of this clandestine writing industry just as the business plants. In this article, it will inspect on the morals of literary theft and the paper processes in the computerized Age. Morals of the counterfeiting Counterfeiting in its essential terms is the demonstration of replicating others work and passing them of as their own work. This typically disregards on the creators right to the responsibility for work that is the basic good right (Drinan, 2016). With regards to scholarly circle literary theft has been respected to be dishonest conduct and any culprit ought to be dependent upon the approvals, which incorporate the removal from the establishment they are study. With regards to the distributing business, counterfeiting isn't really a wrongdoing. In any case , it truly is a genuine unscrupulous practice at whatever point areas of another work of an author are remembered for various work with positively no sign at all of their source , or in any event, when the appropriated wording has not been put between the citations marks , or perhaps the predominance of the words have not been refered to (Elliott and Spence, 2017). On account of the PCs alongside web , it has transforms into less troublesome by and by to fitting the sections from crafted by different writers, in all the orders, for example, science, news coverage and the composition of the activities just as the work which are attempted by the understudies. The location of the written falsification with regards to the scholarly works that have been sent especially to the production is essential action with regards to the article procedure. The utilization of the PCs, and the web has caused it conceivable to have the instruments at ones removal so as to recognize on the unoriginality (Elliott and Spence, 2017). The morals of unoriginality is simply the morals of taking, when somebody takes someone else work and go as their own that taking, which is untrustworthy and furthermore illicit. In the legitimate terms, copyright infringement is viewed as the abstract burglary. On the off chance that an individual intentionally utilize another people work without giving them credit, at that point they are submitting written falsification. In addition, literary theft likewise it reaches out to the thoughts of the items, particularly when somebody take someone else thought or even item and pass it as their own work. At the point when one is blamed for unoriginality, they are blamed for taking since they are submitting a demonstration of the extortion. One isn't just taking the work, item or even the first thoughts of someone else, however they are lying about endeavor it subsequently (Baydik and Gasparyan, 2016). In this way, morals of literary theft is simply of taking. It can turn out to be hard particularly to the understudy who have experienced childhood in an online reorder culture to considering written falsification to be a moral issue. To some degree shockingly to many battling understudies who generally counterfeit, they might be understudy who are under the weight of making progress and who may almost certainly take part in the subtler types of copyright infringement. as indicated by specialist, they have distinguished three circumstance to which this could undoubtedly happen; one is the point at which the understudy are feeling the squeeze, for example, when the work is under close cutoff time or work which is significant for their evaluations (Exposito and Matteson, 2015). Another way would be the point at which the understudies are not keen on the work and when the students they feel that the task is uncalled for to the degree they have no expectation of accomplishment without cheating. As indicated by the examination done in 2009 it has discovered that a wide range to how genuine teenagers distinguished various sort of cheating: while two third of the youngsters respected the entire duplicating of the task to be totally off-base, much the same as half felt the equivalent with respect to appropriating some portion of the assignments, and a third felt it was totally off-base to duplicate schoolwork questions straightforwardly from web (Vie, 2013). At the point when not considering some to be of written falsification as being exploitative, a portion of the students might be really befuddled. A model, despite the fact that most could concur that explicitly duplicating and furthermore gluing entire of the task is cheating, they may not understand that the part of summarizing material just as sewing it together to look exactly unique is additionally viewed as the copyright infringement. This could be to a limited extent since the students have experienced childhood in reorder culture where joint effort just as sharing is the standard and the majority of their wellsprings of the information, for example, Wikipedia they are viewed as not having the creators (Exposito and Matteson, 2015). In any case, a portion of the analysts have likewise contended that the youthful understudies have a totally unique demeanor with regards to the initiation just as the proprietorship than the past ages (Balbuena and Lamela, 2015). Besides, others have additionally felt that the issue is more that the understudies are not being instructed to regard the scholastic trustworthiness or even the specialized aptitudes which are vital with regards to blending and refering to appropriately the sources. In what manner can word be taken? Individuals ought not accept the fantasies, the words could be taken. The US law features that the first thoughts, which incorporates the tales, expresses just as different gatherings of words could be ensured under the US copyright laws (Amos, 2014). This consequently implies in the event that one takes someone else thought alongside unique substance, they have disregarded on the licensed innovation law and that is a wrongdoing. On the off chance that an individual secure on their artistic work, they have the physical confirmation that they have submitted copyright infringement and this could cause them serious outcomes. The result When an understudy has been blamed for carrying out of the copyright infringement, the wrongdoing should be demonstrated. The sort of the copyright infringement where one will submit would decide on the outcomes to which one should manage. For instance, in the event that one appropriates a paper in school, the results are not serious as those which are related with the taking someone else book or even copyrighted materials (Roberts, 2007). In any case, since people are not removed to the prison for taking crafted by different understudies in school, doesn't imply that there are not genuine results from the instructive organization (Baydik and Gasparyan, 2016). On the off chance that an understudy steal on their school work, their notoriety will be discolored and they could be even be kicked out of the establishment they join in (Walchuk, 2016). At the point when a student is found counterfeiting at any instructive level they get recorded on the scholastic record which is recorded as the morals offense. At the point when one has morals offense on their record this could keep them from being acknowledged into another organization (Tong, 2017). With respect to the experts who are indicted for abusing on the copyright laws they may confront fiscal repercussions and their notoriety completely demolished. Any creator has the privilege to sue another expert for taking piece of their work. Written falsification isn't just a genuine moral issue, yet in addition it has become a serious legitimate repercussion. Institutional activity The execution of the projects just as strategies of advancing scholarly respectability for instance the respect codes, they have been demonstrated to emphatically affect on the conduct of the understudies (Skaar and Hammer, 2013). In view of the McCabe and Trevino, the respect code could be very exceptionally fruitful; in any case, a successful respect code ought to be executed well and unequivocally implanted in the way of life of the understudies, which implies that only a minor code isn't sufficient to have the option to forestall cheating. A large number of the partners for the most part are persuaded that idea of copyright infringement is a genuine scholastic issue particularly to the organization which show that they are taking care of it (Adam, 2016). A portion of the foundation have the expert dynamic enemy of unoriginality approach, while some they have a receptive strategy other despite everything guarantee, except they can't demonstrate, that none of their students cheat. To cheat or not to cheat: why a portion of the understudy steal The part of written falsification is certifiably not another marvel. Replicating from different essayists is likely as old as keeping in touch with itself started, however not until the coming of the

Study Skills The Bionic Power of Mnemonic Devices

Robots are awesome, but don't become robotic while using mnemonics! Mnemonics: from the Greek â€Å"Mnemonikos:† of or relating to Memory.A device such as a verse or formula or rhyme used as an aid in remembering concepts. Named for Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory in Greek mythology. The most popular kind of mnemonic device is known as â€Å"expressions/words.† This refers to the method whereby the first letters of the items to be remembered are organized into a snazzy and memorable word, phrase, or sentence . Almost all algebra students know â€Å"Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally,† but just because you’ve graduated high school doesn’t mean mnemonics stop being useful—in fact, they’re more important than ever for developing good study skills. In an effort to remember the 11 organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, even a professional biologist will rely on a sentence like â€Å"Nobody Can Roast Really Great Steaks Like My Neighbor’s Cousin Vinny.† For our MCAT tutoring students in Boston and New York, mnemonics are the very breath of life. But it’s important to understand that there are way more ways to design mnemonics than just simple sentences. Today, I’d like to show you some. Sing It! If you are clever or musical enough you can create a song or jingle like the famous â€Å"ABC† song sung by generations of children. Sometimes these musical interludes can be only one memorable line. Just apply your own words to a song you already know! A current advertising favorite seems to be 1-877-Kars for Kids, or if that is too lame—and Cambridge Coaching apologizes for having put that godawful tune in your head—then how about â€Å"Every kiss begins with K?† Give It a Name! The use of a quasi â€Å"name† can be very helpful and one of the oldest is Roy G. Biv. This name denotes the colors of the rainbow in the correct sequence, which is just another way to remember the way in which a triangular prism diffracts white light. Visualize It! Models are a bit less obvious, but they are basically a type of representation that is constructed to help you remember important information. When you look at sheet music, the way in which the notes are depicted on the staff is a good visual clue for you to remember where they belong. The sequence of notes on either the lines or spaces can also be recalled with a sentence or expression mnemonic (see above) such as Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge for the lines on a musical staff, or FACE for the spaces between. You might not think of it that way, but the Periodic table of elements is a mnemonic, too--it’s information laid out in a grid that is deliberately designed to facilitate memorization. Rhyme It! Simple rhymes are very popular and occasionally poems can be very useful and surprisingly easy to remember. It is incredible how often I still mumble the â€Å"30 days has September† poem to myself when needed. The fate of the 6 wives of Henry the Eighth is famously recorded as â€Å"Henry the Eighth, to 6 wives he was wedded, one died, one survived, two divorced and two beheaded.† The difference between the lethality of cyanate and cyanide can be vividly remembered as: â€Å"Cyanate I ate, Cyanide I died.† Now, having said all of this, there are still a few things to think about. Clearly it takes time and effort to compose a mnemonic. Sometimes, shorter items and lists might be easier to memorize outright—don’t let crafting mnemonics become a procrastination strategy! In scientific subjects there are lists of mnemonics on line which can save time and be very helpful. Sharing mnemonics with friends can reveal ideas to help you further. On the other hand, do not try to pretend you understand something just because you have reduced it to a mnemonic. Important concepts take time and energy to truly comprehend. Make sure you can tell the difference. And finally for every one reading this, there is a unique imagination and a unique learning style. Try to enjoy your own abilities, your own creativity and the fact that you could be locking away some important information for a lot longer than it takes you to study for an examination.If you’re looking for more help, whether with MCAT tutoring or advanced math tutoring in Boston or New York, give us a call here at Cambridge Coaching. Our expert tutors can guide you through any test, and any subject. ;

Essay on The Evils of Macbeth in William Shakespeares...

The Evils of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth The question that I have been given is to evaluate Shakespeares characterization of Lady Macbeth and to decide on an correct description of her character, as I think Shakespeare intended it to be - is she a cruel, calculating, cold blooded killer; or is she just a confused and distraught lonely woman? Throughout the play, she shows qualities and performs actions that point to both of these possible outcomes, and I, through searching the book and picking up all possible leads (all quotes in Italics), will attempt to decide on which of these Lady Macbeth really is and if possible why she might have been this way. The first scene that Lady†¦show more content†¦Already, Shakespeare has made the reader or audience wary of Lady Macbeth and led them to think about her motives, even though she has only spoken for 7 lines. The idea of first impressions being of the most important would lead us to feel that Lady Macbeth is evil. This is a good idea, as it has put the audience in the classic position where their first impressions will soon be changed by later events, therefore confusing them, and helps to give Lady Macbeths character far greater depth. As Lady Macbeth continues to speak, it shows her thinking of Macbeth as being weak willed. She also lets the audience know that she is utterly convinced that it is Macbeths destiny to be the King of Scotland, and backs up both of these ideas with the lines à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and chastise with the valour of my tongue all that impedes thee from the Golden Round, which both fate and metaphysical aid doth seem to have thee crownd withal When she says Golden Round, she is speaking of the crown, and my metaphysical she means supernatural and therefore the witches. At this point, an attendant enters and informs Lady Macbeth that King Duncan will be staying at their castle that night. 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Vertical, Horizontal And E Commerce Businesses - 1549 Words

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Answer :- The disadvantages to Volkswagen of not using a generic B2B e-marketplace with even more suppliersRead MoreBusiness Models in Ecom1049 Words   |  5 PagesOverview Lecture 2 E-Commerce Business Models Boriana Koleva bnk@cs.nott.ac.uk C54 Key components of e-commerce business models Major B2C business models Major B2B business models Business models in other emerging areas of e-commerce Benefits and Problems with E-Commerce E-commerce Business Models Business model – set of planned activities designed to result in a profit in a marketplace Business plan – document that describes a firm’s business model E-commerce business model – aims to use andRead MoreHealth Care Strategy And Analysis For Fresenius1500 Words   |  6 Pageswith one another in a real time format. The internet has removed the distance between governments, industries, businesses and individuals. This interconnectivity has helped to establish the foundation for a globalized community. Companies such as eBay and Amazon have exploited the internet to support their business model of business-to-consumer (B2C) retail purchasing. E-commerce has proved to be a disruptive technology to traditional retail markets, such as Walmart. The method has benefitedRead MoreSupply Chain Mgmt in B2B and B2C Environment1451 Words   |  6 PagesManagement in B2B and B2C Environments Supply chain management, whether in a traditional or E-commerce environment, involves distributing products, goods and services from point of manufacture to the delivery of the final product. Supply chain management, whether related to B2B or B2C retailers involves manufacturing, storage, distribution and delivery of products and services to consumers and other businesses. 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Net market places are growing at a faster rate than private industrial networks. ANS. TRUE 4. E-distributors typically operate in vertical markets. ANS. FALSE 5. Exchanges tend to be biased toward the seller even though they are independently owned and presumably neutral. ANS. FALSE 6. Industry consortia are typicallyRead MoreWhat Are the 8 Key Elements of Business Model? - Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesmanaging product delivery. Revenue model: This is describes how a company plans to make money from its business because earning revenue and produce a superior return on invested capital is the primary objective of a company. For example, the 5 major e-commerce revenue models include advertising revenue model, subscription revenue model, transaction fee revenue model, sales revenue model, affiliate revenue model. Market opportunity: This is describes what market space does the company intend to serve

How To Build A Web Page Essay Example For Students

How To Build A Web Page Essay How to build a Web PageMotivator sentence: The development and design of a basic web page can be a fun yet tricky task. Thesis sentence: Whether its a large commercial web-site for business purposes, or a small personal web page about your hobby or family; the process of development is the same. Blueprint sentence: The three major steps leading to the development and design of a basic web page include: information gathering, site layout and design and HTML (hyper text markup language) conversion. I.Topic sentence: (use transition) Naturally, the most important task is the gathering of information. A. You first need to brain-storm about what you would like for The web page to consist of. B. Collect everything that you will become part of the web page, from editorials and graphics to company information and history. C. It may be a good ideal to get your hand on as much data as possible, then decide what is to be used in the web page. What material is not used may be discarded later. D. All information previously gathered is categorized in a hierarchy form from the most important to the least important. II. Topic sentence: Then, you are to develop the layout of the web page. A. Simple drawn sketches are to be hand drawn to display the basic look and feelEof the web page. B. The use of a specific theme or template should be used to maintain the same basic look throughout the web site. C. Keep the reader of the web site in mind when designing the web site. D. Most readers will not usually wait on large graphic files to load; especially on the start page. E. Readers also dislike small and hard to read text. Remember that some older monitors and systems may not be able to view higher resolutions; furthermore, some web browsers may be unable to view certain types of newer text. III. Topic sentence: At last comes the conversion from plane text and graphics to HTML code. A. All elements that make up the web pages are then to be combined graphics, plain text, even tables. B. The combined elements are then converted from plane text into HTML code. C. The easiest way to accomplish this daunting task if you have no prior experience of HTML programming is by using a computer program that is designed for the purpose of converting text, graphics, and other objects into HTML, such as Cute HTML, Trelix Web, or Netscape Composer. D. Many of these programs can be found free of cost at web sites specializing in free downloads such as zd.com, softseek.com and freedownloads.com Conclusion After testing your web page for flaws, broken links, misspelled words and other grammatical errors, its ready to be uploaded to the domain name or web site hosting service using a free FTP (file transfer protocol) program such as Cute FTP. Clincher With a little practice and much trial-and-error, you will be a web master building all types of web pages for every occasion. Words/ Pages : 504 / 24

War in Afghanistan

Causes of the War Aldrich, G. (2002). The Taliban, Al Qaeda, and the Determination of Illegal CombatantsAdvertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on War in Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The American Journal of International Law, 96 ( 4), 891-898. This article gives an in depth description of the causes of the war in Afghanistan. The war had been caused by the September 11 bomb attacks in the U.S which had been conducted by Al Qaeda. There terrorists had a base in Afghanistan and it was established that they had a link with political government in power in that country at that time. The author highlights the reasons for the invasion and why the U.S government had to get involved. The journal article also highlights on a few difficulties at that time on how the terrorists captured will be treated according to international law. Justification and Criticisms of the War Franck, T. (2001). Terrorism and the Right of Self-Defense. The American Journal of International Law, 95(4), 839-843. This highlights the causes of the war and Justifies the United States Action to invade Iraq on the argument of self-defense based on the UN Charter. The author begins by highlighting the reasons certain experts have given on the illegality of the US invasion. He goes ahead to address these criticisms one by one. He also gives the arguments supporting the invasion. The author has dissected the controversial Article 51 in the US charter which the US gave to the public as the reasons supporting its actions throughout that period. O’Connell, M. (2002). The myth of preemptive self defense. The American Society of International Law Task Force on Terrorism. Web. This paper discusses United States justification invading Afghanistan. The author highlights the reason why the invasion was wrong and unnecessary. The author interprets the United Nations Charter Article 51 which allows a country to a rise in self-defense when it has faced an armed attack. The article analyses the Article 15 and gives examples in history on the application of the guideline. It concludes that the United States should not invade a country based on the expected future actions of the country rather it should be on the armed attacks that have occurred.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Positive Effects of the War Dunn, D. (2005). Bush, 11 September and the Conflicting Strategies of the ‘War on Terrorism’ Irish Studies in International Affairs 16, 11-33. The Journal article discusses the different strategies the US government has taken in dealing with terrorism. The author shows the changes in approach since September 11 attacks. He highlights three main strategies, the counter-terrorism, pre-emptive and pre-eminence and the democratization of the Middle East. The paper shows th e positive effects of the war in Afghanistan in the region and the enhancement of security in the region and the US. The journal also highlights the tensions and arguments that have arisen over time concerning the use of the three strategies. Negative Effects of the War Belasco, A. (2006). The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and other Global War on Terror Operations since 9/11. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. This paper discusses the costs effects of the wars the United States government has engaged in including Afghanistan. The high spending on defense has had a high impact on the budget of the country. The money could have been used in other critical sectors of the economy such as health, education and social security. The paper highlights the actual and opportunity costs of the wars. The paper goes into details showing the actual item costs of the wars and the trend in the costs both in the past and in the future. References Aldrich, G. (2002). The Taliban, Al Qaed a, and the Determination of Illegal Combatants  The American Journal of International Law, 96 ( 4), 891-898. Belasco, A. (2006). The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and other Global War on Terror Operations since 9/11. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on War in Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dunn, D. (2005). Bush, 11 September and the Conflicting Strategies of the ‘War on Terrorism’ Irish Studies in International Affairs 16, 11-33. Franck, T. (2001). Terrorism and the Right of Self-Defense. The American  Journal of International Law, 95(4), 839-843. O’Connell, M. (2002). The myth of preemptive self defense. The American  Society of International Law Task Force on Terrorism. Web. This annotated bibliography on War in Afghanistan was written and submitted by user Scott Lara to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. War in Afghanistan Since the invasion led by the United States in Afghanistan in the year 2001, the nation has suffered a lot of violence. The violence started with the September 11th attack on the U.S. by the Al-Qaida. Afghanistan was the origin of the attack and thus U.S. troops were deployed to Afghanistan after the attack. U.S. military then overthrew the Taliban government leading to retaliations by the Taliban which have hitherto resulted to high levels of violence in Afghanistan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War in Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides involvement by the U.S., the British government also sent troops to Afghanistan. The Taliban and Al-Qaida have also had unending conflicts along the Pakistan-Afghan border. They both accuse each other of being unable to keep militants away from each other’s side. This is in spite of the fact that the two groups are unanimous about keeping U.S. troops a way from the Pakistan border (Norton 1). The Afghanistan war has had tremendous effects on the security strategies and policies of the countries involved. This has led to prioritization of war intervention by both the U.S. and Britain. Both governments, therefore, feel obliged to win the war (Borger 1). Recent events related to the war have raised serious need for intervention that has led to a number of suggestions for ending the war. Taliban troops are increasing each day. This has raised a lot of concerns about the willingness of the Taliban to try diplomacy. In response to this, the U.S. has sent 30, 000 troops to Afghanistan this year. This has led to a number of bombings, killing of militants and innocent civilians, killings of American and British militants carried out by the Taliban, etc. Specific examples include the killing of civilians by a bicycle-bomb while receiving relief food, the British soldier who died on March 15, 2010, from wounds he sustained in the Helmand bom b, the 35 people killed in the March 14th Kandahar bombing meant to be a warning to Nato etc. The Afghanistan war has, arguably, escalated in the recent past due to the relentless efforts by the U.S. and Britain to contain the situation (Norton 1). The American-British strategy for fighting Taliban troops is, seemingly, the training of forces to take over Afghanistan. However, this strategy is faced by major challenges since a lot needs to be done to change the prevailing situation. The change includes rebuilding Afghanistan from scratch, controlling the Taliban and establishing forces (national army). These changes are challenging due to the presence of war, warlords and ethnic rivalries (Borger 1). One of the rebel groups, Hezb-i-Islami, has suggested a diplomatic solution to the problem. With the condition that the U.S. withdraws troops from Afghanistan by July, the rebel group has offered to act as a mediator between the U.S. and the Taliban. However, the influence of the group on the Taliban is suspected to be limited.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The group has also been holding talks with Afghanistan’s president, Karzai about the same and it has suggested an interim government and elections after withdrawal of troops. However, the U.S. prefers to contain the situation slowly with the hope for flexible demands forced by the successes bound to be achieved by the 30, 000 troops (Borger 1). The war in Afghanistan has claimed a lot of lives. It is the responsibility of the diplomatic community to find amicable solutions that will end the war for good. Britain and America should completely withdraw troops and exercise diplomatic controls on the Afghanistan to ensure their safety. Works Cited Borger, Julian. â€Å"Afghan insurgents offer to make peace and act as a go-between with Taliban.† April 1, 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/ world/2010/mar/24/afghan-insurgents-peace-bridge-taliban-us Norton, Richard. â€Å"Prince Charles visits British troops in Afghanistan.† April 1, 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/mar/25/prince-charles-afghanistan-british-army This essay on War in Afghanistan was written and submitted by user Helena Leonard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Ostpolitik in the Soviet Empire the Clash of Different Viewpoints

The Ostpolitik in the Soviet Empire the Clash of Different Viewpoints However hard the relations between Germany and the Soviet Union during the Ostpolitik have been discussed, there are still a lot of questions that remain unanswered. In spite of the fact that Germany and the Soviet Union had a certain scheme that could make their collaboration fruitful and profitable for each of the parties, it ended just as suddenly as it had started. There must be some light shed on the situation.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Ostpolitik in the Soviet Empire: the Clash of Different Viewpoints specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The idea that underlay the politics of Germany was the fact that the economical state of the both countries left much to be desired, and they were tending to reach the European level without going into big expenditures. The core idea of the Ostpolitik was implemented in the motto â€Å"Change through Rapprochement Policy†. This meant that Germany and Soviet Un ion were trying to come into closer contact with each other and intertwine the policies, sharing the economical experience and trying to recover together. The man to introduce the very idea of the new policy was Willy Brandt, one of the most influential men in Germany of all times. He suggested the new concept in 1963 and went on with the experiment to bridge the two great countries. The basic idea was about connecting the two parts of Germany that were set apart, Willy Brandt saw it as the first reason for Germany to be pushed far behind in its development, and, trying to improve the state’s condition, he searched for every method possible for the country to get united again, which would create the profound basis for its further economical and political development. When the idea took certain shapes and the process of creating links with the Soviet Union was launched, Egon Bahr, the man who conducted the whole procedure and was in charge of the changes that took place during the negotiations, made it possible for the idea to be put into practice[1]. Signing the agreement with Moscow was an important step, and Willy Brandt knew it perfectly well; as a chancellor, he made every possible move be directed to connecting the two parts of the country.Advertising Looking for term paper on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Was it the collaboration with the Soviet Union that he had been searching for? The answer would be probably yes, but the first thing he was to do was to destroy the wall between the Eastern and the Western parts of Germany, both metaphorically and literally. There were a lot of people in Germany against collaboration with Russia, among them Konrad Adenauer. He expressed his doubts about the reasonability of the project and unwillingness to contribute to the new politics in the open, but the chancellor was determined to act in this very course. And finally the gen eral admitted that it was only the union of two great states that could improve the situation in Germany. Germany laid a lot of hopes on the future relationships with the Soviet Union. As Spaulding explained, Politicized trade played a central role in the new Ostpolitik of Chancellor Willy Brandt and the Social Democrats. Steadily improving trade relations played an important part in the â€Å"policy of small steps† that aimed ultimately at change through rapprochementâ€Å" with the East.[2] Europe took this alliance as something out of the ordinary. Their emotions were rather easy to understand. Indeed, creating a common workplace that would grow into trusted relationships and further on perhaps into the collaboration and partnership of the two most powerful states of those times was something to worry about. The European states, together with all their separation from each other and their policies never bespoken in the open, could not oppose the tremendously strong empire these two could turn into one day. That is why the fact of signing the treaty in the Soviet Union by Konrad Adenauer was taken with indignation by whole wide Europe. The states had the idea that the persistence of the communist moods in the Soviet Union might lead to its ideas spreading all over Europe and finally seizing the power.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Ostpolitik in the Soviet Empire: the Clash of Different Viewpoints specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As he returned from Moscow, whole Europe was talking about his ways of an owner which were more than noticeable as he was signing the agreement. The US ambassador in the Soviet Union, C. Bolen, compared him to Chamberlain signing the defeatist contract with Hitler and Mussolini. That was already reeking of an international scandal. The Soviet Union expected that this would contribute to its might, too. In fact, the Ostpolitik did. It made the Sovie t Union stronger in terms of its economical power. In addition, it also drove the political powers of the country to think of establishing the ideas of democracy in the country. Normalizing the relationships with Germany and acquiring the knowledge about the Western idea of a state, USSR took the new model of development with curiosity. That could mean a turn-up in the plot and a new page in the history of Russia and the Eastern Europe. However, this all ended just as unexpectedly as it had started. In spite of the worries of the neighboring countries, the states did not go further than they have planned. Both Brandt and Stalin did not go any further than it had been planned. They both understood perfectly well that the two states could not work together on the parities, and it was impossible to continue the further work. The great idea collapsed. The whole plot being a wonderful idea that was set brilliantly did not work as the two states of the same power collided. They knew that in case they would not agree upon some subject, there would be another was. At that time, neither could afford such costs, since they both were trying to heal the wounds caused by the previous conflict.Advertising Looking for term paper on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Pittman emphasized, It may be that the Soviet reluctance to respond to West German appeals to increase the number ox exit permits was due to the general deterioration of dà ©tente and also to Soviet disappointment in material benefits (economic) expected from the FRG-Soviet relations[3]. However, it influenced the union of the two parts of Germany in 1990, this is the fact that cannot be denied. Indeed, the traces that people’s actions leave drag the most unexpected consequences. Reference List Ash, T. G. In Europe’s Name: Germany and the Divided Continent. New York, NY: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010. Print. Pittman, A. From Ostpolitik to Unification: West German-Soviet Political  Relations Since 1974. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002. Print. Spaulding, R. M. Osthandel and Ostpolitik: German Foreign Trade Policies in  Eastern Europe from Bismarck to Adenauer. Oxford: Berghahn Books. 1997. Print. Footnotes Ash, T. G. In Europe’s Name: Germany and the Divided Continent. (New York, NY: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010). Spaulding, R. M. Osthandel and Ostpolitik: German Foreign Trade policies in Eastern Europe from Bismark to Adenauer. (Oxford: Berghahn Books 1997). 489 Pittman, A. From Ostpolitik to Unification: West German-Soviet Political  Relations Since 1974. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002). 30

Assignment 3 for CLS325 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 3 for CLS325 - Coursework Example This paper attempts to present the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods. The text-centered method of analyzing culture is considered as imperative in studying social context. Norman Fairclough explains that the theoretical basis for this concept is based on the fact that text itself is the product of people’s perspectives on the society in which they belong. He also points out that â€Å"texts constitute a major source of evidence for grounding claims about social, structures, relations and processes.† (209) In relation to the aforementioned points, it is, therefore, clear that texts serve as effective means of achieving a profound understanding of culture and society. On the other hand, these also serve as powerful instruments of shaping or influencing culture and society, in general, as well. However, there is an apparent weakness in just limiting the analysis of culture and society according to what the text provides. The text itself may not be able to provide an accurate impression unless this is related to the actual conditions that surround it. According to Urpo Kovala, â€Å"the first characteristic of cultural analysis of texts†¦ is that textual analysis be contextual.† (Cultural Studies and Cultural Text Analysis) It is by getting a more comprehensive picture, which may include knowing the author of the text and the personal and social conditions which he or she is in, that a better appreciation of the textual work produced is achieved. The text should, therefore, not be taken as it is but should be related to the context in which it was made. In this regard, its relevance or irrelevance should be understood through the reception of the readers or the receivers. Otherwise, textualism or the text-centered method could be outright weak. The weakness of the text-centered method of analyzing culture is that it tends to be detached from other conditions that may actually be related to the text itself. By merely relying on th e text and disregarding the other aspects that may have influenced its deliverer or creator, analysis becomes vulnerable to one-sidedness and, ultimately, inaccuracy. The reaction of the audience, which is important in determining the practical relevance of the text, also tends to be disregarded when making a text-centered analysis. This inherent weakness of textualism is the reason why Douglas Kellner suggests three aspects to consider in employing a text-centered method in analyzing culture. These are the â€Å"production and political economy of culture; textual analysis and critique of its artifacts; and a study of audience reception and the uses of media/cultural products.† (Kellner 8) All three must be taken into consideration when analyzing culture using the text-centered method. It must be noted that Kellner already mentions the significance of audience impression. Therefore, in an attempt to overcome the weakness of the text-centered method, some concerns that center s on the audience has to be applied. Hence, the method actually loses its being absolutely text-centered. In New Keywords: The Revised Vocabulary of Culture and Society, Terry Threadgold correctly sumps up the point that â€Å"the text is engage in a continuous play of meaning across the field on intertextuality†¦ at the very least, the meaning is mobile, dispersed, and plural, since any text is always subject to the incessant movement of recontextualization.†

Developing an Integrated SLA Theory Research Paper

Developing an Integrated SLA Theory - Research Paper Example on this theory, Second language acquisition is mainly concerned the process of acquiring a new language other than the inborn language and how the process is affected by other disciplines such as the social-cultural theories. The theory offers a clear reflection from a new perception, on some of the challenges that people face during new language acquisition. It offers some pedagogical suggestions for foreign linguistic teaching. However according to Moore and Kearsly (1996), foreign language educators ought to maintain three types of interactions: learner- content, learner-tutor and learner-learner. According to Krashen’s theory on second language acquisition, comprehensible input and interactions are crucial. Interactions facilitate practice that has the advantage of enhancing the acquisition and fluency of the foreign language. This paper makes attempts to expound Social-Cultural Theory’s paradigms, its influence on second language acquisition and the tutorial sugges tions for foreign language coaching (Vygotsky, 1978). An overview of main second language acquisition theories that reveal that advance of the concepts of comprehensible input, understandable output, and interactions are significant in the second language acquisition. Many theories contain diverse views on the ways of ensuring interactions and the role it plays in the second language acquisition. Krashen’s theory (1985, 1994) has since becoming the most predominant theory in the acquisition of a second language and teaching exercise. According to the theory, SLA is determined by the extent of the compressible input during teaching. It asserts that the one-way contribution in the second language that is not only understandable but also at the level is just beyond the existing language proficiency of learners. The theory asserts that the prediction upon which learners acquire the notions of the second language relays of the method they get and understand the messages. Krashen’s (1994) offers

Edward Snowden Essay Example for Free

Edward Snowden Essay One of the biggest leaks in U. S happened this month. Edward Joseph Snowden leaked information about the government and and they are, a former technical contractor and CIA employee who worked for Booz Allen Hamilton a contractor for the NSA, before leaking details of classified NSA mass surveillance programs to the press. Snowden shared classified material on a variety of top-secret NSA programs, including the interception of US telephone metadata and the PRISM surveillance program, primarily with Glenn Greenwald of The Guardian, which published a series of exposes based on Snowdens disclosures in June 2013. Snowden said the leaks were an effort to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them† The individual responsible for one of the most significant leaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old former technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of the defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency for the last four years as an employee Snowdens alleged leaks are said to rank among the most significant breaches in the history of the NSA. [8] Matthew M. Aid, an intelligence historian in Washington, said disclosures linked to Snowden have confirmed longstanding suspicions that NSAs surveillance in this country is far more intrusive than we knew. [8] On June 14, 2013, US federal prosecutors filed a sealed complaint, made public on June 21,[9][10] charging Snowden with theft of government property, unauthorized communication of national defense information and willful communication of classified intelligence with an unauthorized person; the latter two allegations are under the Espionage Act. [11] Father of Edward Snowden Urges Son Not To Commit Treason, to Return Home The father of the former NSA contractor who leaked details of the governments massive Internet- and phone-tracking programs made an impassioned plea to his son to stop leaking, telling Fox News that I hope, I pray he does not do anything considered treasonous. Lon Snowden spoke at length with Fox News about his son Edwards decision to leak sensitive security details about U. S. intelligence-gathering operations. While defending his sons integrity and criticizing the government, he pleaded with his son who is thought to be weathering the political storm from a location in Hong Kong to return home and not to leak more information. I hope, I pray and I ask that you will not release any secrets that could constitute treason, Snowden told Fox News, in a message meant for his sons ears. He added: I sense that youre under much stress [from] what Ive read recently, and [ask] that you not succumb to that stress and make a bad decision. Further, Snowden said he would rather see his son return to the U.  S. and face the U. S. justice system than stay abroad. I would like to see Ed come home and face this. I shared that with the government when I spoke with them. I love my son, he told Fox News Eric Bolling. Snowden claimed there are some people who want him to cross that line and do something that constitutes treason, or they would like to see him disappear. But Snowden said hes sure that the moment he landed that there would be a line of attorneys waiting to defend him. Edward Snowden himself did not voice that level of confidence. During a live online chat hosted by Guardian. com on Monday, Snowden said he doesnt think he would receive a fair trial in the U. S. The U. S. Government, just as they did with other whistle-blowers, immediately and predictably destroyed any possibility of a fair trial at home, openly declaring me guilty of treason and that the disclosure of secret, criminal and even unconstitutional acts is an unforgivable crime. Thats not justice, and it would be foolish to volunteer yourself to it if you can do more good outside of prison than in it, he said during the chat. Snowden also claimed he did not reveal any U. S. operations against legitimate military targets, but rather NSA efforts against civilian infrastructure. Snowden has emerged at the center of one of the biggest security leaks in U. S. history. After The Guardian news organization and Washington Post reported on government programs that monitor massive troves of phone and Internet records, Snowden was revealed as the source of that information. According to The Guardian, Snowden continues to provide sensitive information The Guardian most recently reported on a British effort to hack into foreign diplomats phones and emails during conferences, citing Snowden as the source. Snowden could face serious charges if he returns to the U. S. Former Vice President Dick Cheney called Snowden a traitor on Fox News Sunday. But others have praised his decision to come forward, citing the civil liberties at stake. Lon Snowden said he was saddened by his sons decision, but criticized the government for the surveillance efforts his son helped expose. Some people are suggesting that whats occurring is very similar to every morning the government walks up to your mailbox, or afternoon. They pull the envelopes out. They open them. They look at your mail. They copy it. They archive it in case they wanna look at it sometime in the future in case you do something wrong sometime in the future. They re-seal the envelopes, they put them back in your mailbox. And they do it every day over and over and over again. He continued: I dont want them reading my email. If we say, Oh my gosh, were going to have to sacrifice our freedoms because of the threat of terrorism, well, the terrorists have already won, because its our freedoms that make us Americans. He said hes concerned his son is in peril, but voiced confidence that if he returns to the U. S. , that would be best. I have faith in our justice system applied correctly, absolutely. You know, I would rather my son be a prisoner in the U. S. than a free man in a country that did not have the freedoms that are protected in the U. S. , he said. He complained there are a lot of misconceptions about his son, including speculation about why he chose to stay in Hong Kong. Snowden said his son was simply comfortable there and with Asian culture in general, since he used to live in Japan. As for media reports that hes a high-school dropout, he explained that his son actually had an illness during his sophomore year likely mono. But after he dropped out, he said his son completed his high-school equivalency and went on to take college courses. He said he last saw his son on April 4. Wed gone out to dinner, he said, adding that his son seemed to be carrying a burden. We hugged as we always do. He said, I love you Dad. I said, I love you, Ed. And I expected to see him see him again, Snowden recalled. Fox News Eric Bolling contributed to this report.

Gabriel Garcia Marquezs A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Essay

Trisha â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" Critical Analysis If I ask you to picture an angel, what do you see? Is it a vibrant white, majestically dressed individual with lush and strong wings who commands reverence with his presence? What does this ethereal creature stand for? Righteousness? Protector of good and the purest form of a celestial being besides God? If you have read Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† then you may have been introduced to a conflicting image of an angel. This angel is in no way similar to the one described above. Actually, we are not even sure he is an angel. What we do know after reading this story is that the creature presented represents the overwhelming need of humans to understand and interpret every facet of their lives. The angel does not fit the general consensus of what an angel is and leaves human expectations unmet. This story embodies the nature of humans to explain, categorize, and label any affair that is not already so. Marquez’s story is written in a fairy tale format with strong magic realism elements throughout. This style combines real, normal details of day to day life with fantasy and blurs the reader’s division of reality and magic. This method of writing emphasizes the attempt of man to apply logic and knowledge to all matters. Marquez is so skilled in this technique that we come to view the fact o...

Outline the different forms of verbal and non-verbal communication Essay

Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages or information; as by speech, visuals, signals, written work or behaviour. It is the meaningful exchange of information between two or more living creatures. Communication requires a sender, a message and a recipient although the receiver does not have to be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication works in two systems which are verbal communication and non-verbal communication whose forms this essay seeks to outline and discuss. Verbal communication is communication through a figure of speech and non-verbal communication is the process of communicating through sending and receiving wordless cues between people. Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; generally this is communication by word of mout h or a piece of writing. Verbal communication is further divided into two forms which are oral communication and written communication. In oral communication, spoken words are used. It includes face to face conversation, video, radio, television, voice over the internet. In oral communication, communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Furthermore, oral communication, while primarily referring to spoken verbal communication, can also employ visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of meaning. Oral communication includes speeches, presentations, discussions and aspects of inter-personal communication. Oral communication also garners immediate feedback. Examples of oral communication can include a mother asking her son about his day at school, because of message and feedback a dialogue is created. More so, oral communication under verbal communication has its own advantages and in a face to face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether they should trust what is being said or not. In addition, oral communication carries a disadvantage because in a face to face discussion, user is unable to deeply think what he is delivering, so this can be committed as a stream of sub consciousness hence content or message cannot be trusted to be reliable as well. In-addit ion, in written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate a written message may be printed or hand written. In written communication messages can be transmitted via email, letter, report,  memo, only to mention to mention a few. Message in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used. Examples of written communication used for internal communication or personal attention are memos, reports, bulletins, employee manuals and electronic mail. For communication with the external environment in writing electronic mail, internet websites, letters, proposal, telegrams, only to mention a few. Furthermore, written communication has its advantages. Messages can be edited and revised many times before they are actually sent; hence clarity and transparency of information can be refined to suit the recipient. Also, written communication provides record for every message sent and can be saved for later study thus it can be used as proof or evidence of the existence of certain situations. A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback. However written communication also has disadvantages. Unlike oral communication written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback since the receiver has to first analyse the message sent and gather appropriate feedback, more so, if it is external communication through a letter the receiver might be far away thus a delay in the deliverance of the message. Furthermore, it takes more time in composing a written message as compared to word of mouth and a number of people struggle for writing ability. On the other hand, the other system of communication is non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. Therefore communication other than oral and written, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions is called non-verbal communication. According to Mehrabian (1972) ‘non-verbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages’. Non-verbal communication helps the receiver in interpreting the message received. Often, non-verbal signals reflect the situation more accurately than verbal messages. Sometimes non-verbal responses contradict verbal communication and hence affect the effectiveness of message. More-so, non-verbal communication has three elements which are; appearance, body language and sounds. Appearance includes the speaker, clothing, hairstyle, neatness and use of cosmetics, more-so, surrounding and furnishings. Body language includes  facial expressions, gestures and postures. Sounds includes voice tone, volume and speech rate. According to Martes (2011) forms of non-verbal communication are classified in seven types which are kinesics, proxemics, physical appearance, haptics or use of touch, vocalics or use of voice, chronemics or use of time, artifacts or use of objects. Martes’s theory argues that kinesics or body activity can be with the use of eye contact, facial expressions, gesture, and posture. Eye contact is the way we look with people whom we are communicating. This shows paying attention. Facial expressions are important in conveying message to show our emotions. Gestures are the movements of our arms, hands, and fingers to describe or to give emphasis. Posture is the position of our body; it is also a way of paying attention hence kinesics involves more body activity. In-addition proxemics or the use of space shows nonverbal communication. Intimate distance for private conversations of close friends, Personal distance for casual conversations, Social distance for impersonal business, and Public distance for public speeches hence by one distancing themselves from others shows a difference of interests. Also, physical appearance is also another form of non-verbal communication. Choice of clothing and personal grooming also communicate a message. The message one wants to send is determined on how he/she dresses and grooms themselves. People have a choice to choose which clothing styles and grooming behaviours they want but it should be accordingly. Haptics or use of touch also communicates as a non-verbal form. People communicate through touch by the use of hands. Hands can be used to hug slap, kiss, pat, hold, embrace, stroke and tickle. With these, a message in variety of meanings is conveyed. Touch can be gentle and firm depending on how it is done for which purpose. Vocalics or use of voice is also known as paralanguage. This is a nonverbal sound of what is heard or how something is being said. It has 4 vocals characteristics: pitch volume, rate and quality. The presence of vocal interferences or extraneous sounds interrupts a conversation of fluent speech. The use of time also known as chronemics also conveys meaning. Duration is the time regarded as appropriate for certain events or activities. Activity refers to what p eople perceive should be done in a given time period. Punctuality is the extent to which one adheres strictly to the appointed or regular time thus a message can be trusted or regarded reliable through the duration, activity and punctuality  aspects respectivitly. Last but not least, artifacts are also a form of non-verbal communication. Artifacts are also use of objects. Object language refers to the meanings attributed to objects with we surround ourselves. It says something about someone because it represents the choices he/she make. However both verbal and non-verbal communications are liable to barriers of communication. Since verbal communication involves the medium of language, people speak in different languages since they come from different places thus communication may be difficult, understanding may not be found between the two sources of the speaker and the recipient. Non-verbal language is also liable to barriers of communication since not everyone is literate and educated enough to read one’s body language and discern the message within. In a nutshell communication occurs in two systems which are verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication also divides into two forms which are oral and written communication, non-verbal communication branches into seven forms which are kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, haptics, physical appearance, vocalic and artifacts. Reference list Maetes (2011). Theories of Non-verbal Communication. Mehrabian, A (1972). Non-verbal Communication. Transaction Publishers.

Famous Entrepreneurs Bill Gates, Paul Allen - 1626 Words

Synopsis Born on October 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington, well-known entrepreneur Bill Gates began to demonstrate a curiosity in computer programming at age 13. Through technical modernization, enthusiastic business plan and aggressive business tactics, he and colleague Paul Allen built the worlds leading software enterprise, Microsoft. In the development, Gates became one of the wealthiest men in the world. Bill was avid reader as small boy, spending several hours pouring over research guides for example the encyclopedia. Close to the age of 11 or 12, Bills mom and dad did start to have got concerns concerning his habits. He has been successful within classes, yet he felt bored in addition to withdrawn sometimes. The mom and dad†¦show more content†¦In 1970, when Bill was 15 he became a partners with his friend Paul Allen. Him and his friend invented software, which was supervising traffic patterns in Seattle where he was from. That program was valued at $20,000. Bill Gates and Paul Allen were thinking about their own company on what his parents were telling him that his career is in law. In 1973 he enrolled at Harvard University on lawyer course from which he is really soon withdrawn as he wasn’t interested those subjects as much as he was interested in computers and software. He was spending more of his time working with computers than on class. Bill was sleeping three to five hours a night and then go to classes and managing to pass his subjects with good grades. In 1974 Bill Gates joined his friend Allen, who dropped from Washington University after two years of being there, at Honeywell Company. In summer 1974 while working there, Allan once found an article, which he showed to Gates was on Altair 8800 mini-computer kit. Boys were over exciting about how much potential and possibilities that program has for computer world. 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